The Minicommunity Design to Assess Indirect Effects of Vaccination.
نویسنده
چکیده
We propose the minicommunity design to estimate indirect effects of vaccination. Establishing indirect effects of vaccination in unvaccinated subpopulations could have important implications for global vaccine policies. In the minicommunity design, the household or other small transmission unit serves as the cluster in which to estimate indirect effects of vaccination, similar to studies in larger communities to estimate indirect, total, and overall effects. Examples from the literature include studies in small transmission units to estimate indirect effects of pertussis, pneumococcal, influenza, and cholera vaccines. We characterize the minicommunity design by several methodologic considerations, including the assignment mechanism, ascertainment, the role of transmission outside the transmission unit, and the relation of the size of the transmission unit to number of people vaccinated. The minicommunity study for indirect effects is contrasted with studies to estimate vaccine effects on infectiousness and protective effects under conditions of household exposure within small transmission units. The minicommunity design can be easily implemented in individually randomized studies by enrolling and following-up members of households of the randomized individuals. The methodology for the minicommunity design for estimating indirect effects of vaccination deserves much future research.
منابع مشابه
Design Model for Cultural Tourism Development in Yazd Province using Interpretive Structural Modeling
Tourism is the most important factor in generating wealth and employment in the world. Cultural tourism has been one of the main forms of tourism in Iran and developing countries. Cultural Tourism can open the new gates of knowledge, development and sustainability for communities. The aim of this study is identify and assess the direct and indirect effects of each factor affecting the developm...
متن کاملSalmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis live vaccine strain in the reproductive organs of laying goose after subcutaneous vaccination
Serovar-specific real-time PCR for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) was conductedto detect the genomic DNA of S. Enteritidis from laying goose after subcutaneous vaccination at differenttime points. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique and immunohistochemical localization wereemployed to validate the results. The results showed that S. Enteritidis was consistent...
متن کاملVaccination Coverage for COVID-19 in Sri Lanka: With and Without Age Stratification on Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered Simulation
Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is as a key solution to interrupt its spread. This study aimed to describe the vaccination coverage required to stop the spread of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka using a mathematical modeling strategy. Materials & Methods: This longitudinal study used age-stratified and unstratified Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) models. Data on the population's age dist...
متن کاملDevelopment of an Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Antibodies against Serotype A2013 of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious animal disease that causes irreparable damage to the economy of countries, including Iran in which this disease is a native one. Among the ways to combat FMD are vaccination and slaughter. Due to the specific situation of Iran, it is not possible to kill infected animals. Therefore, vaccination is the most important way to fight this disease. S...
متن کاملAssessment of vaccination against hepatitis B and infection control compliance among dentists participated in 42nd international congress of Iranian dentists
Assessment of vaccination against hepatitis B and infection control compliance among dentists participated in 42nd international congress of Iranian dentists Dr. SM. Alavian* - Dr. H. Akbari ** - Dr. M. Ahmadzad asl*** - Dr. M. Kazem**** - A. Davoodi***** * - Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Dept. Faculty of Medicine, Baqyiatollah University of Medical Sciences. ** - Endodontist. *** - ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Epidemiologic methods
دوره 1 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012